When Apple first introduced the MacBook Air back in 2008, I’m not sure anyone knew quite what to expect in the long-run from the little, low-powered Mac. Though the ultra-portable laptop itself wasn’t a new idea, there is in retrospect a distinct line dividing the Air – the first of what we now classify as Ultrabooks – from previous attempts at ultra-portables. What Apple eventually kicked off was a distinct market segment, though as a market it did take some time to materialize.

With the announcement this week of the suffix-less MacBook (2015), I’m left to wonder if Apple is doing the same thing for a new market segment. The MacBook isn’t just a new Air – though in a sense it’s an heir to the Air – but it’s something new that isn’t entirely removed from its predecessors while not being exactly the same either. The end result is a device that like the original Air is hard to pin down in this time frame, as it straddles a couple different product segments.

Mac Meets iPad

In terms of design, the MacBook is best described as what would happen if you crossed an iPad with a MacBook Air. At 2lbs it’s light, lighter than even the 2.38lb 11” Air, never mind the 2.96lb 13” model. It’s thin too, its 13.1mm thickness making it thinner than the original iPad (13.4mm), and yet it’s a clamshell laptop with a keyboard and trackpad. But despite being thin and light it’s not really small, as the 12” screen makes it larger than the smallest Air, never mind any kind of iPad comparisons.

A lot of the time the MacBook ends up feeling like a Macintosh tablet, combining the form factor of a laptop and OS X with the design cues of the iPad. Externally this is backed by the use of Apple’s common glass & metal design philosophy, but I think it’s also very telling that this is the first Mac to come in various colors like iOS devices, silver, grey, and gold. Apple has never been one to shy away from making their devices conspicuous, but the metal colors really take this up a notch.

Apple’s internal component choice also reflects this design philosophy. Though this is a Mac through and through – OS X and x86 lie at its heart – Apple has shifted from Intel’s Core U-class processors in the Air to their Core-M (Y-class) processor in the MacBook. Intel’s lowest power Core processor design to date, Core-M is intended to be used in tablets and up, further driving the point that the MacBook is a tablet Mac in laptop form factor. The use of Core-M influences several design aspects of the MacBook; it’s smaller and thinner than other Intel processors, allowing for Apple to get away with a very small logic board, and at 4.5W it means Apple can rely on the relatively large 12” metal case to dissipate heat and skip the fans entirely. Which in turn has allowed Apple to fill most of the rest of the laptop’s internal volume with 39.7Wh of batteries.

Those batteries in turn help drive the only other significant power drain on the device, which is the MacBook’s 2304x1440 Retina-class display (sorry, Air users). The use of a Retina display is not unexpected here – especially if you want to make it all the more comparable to the iPad and offer similar display clarity – but using Retina displays is always a tradeoff due to the greater power requirements that come from the stronger backlight needed to punch through the display. I wouldn’t be surprised if more than half of the MacBook’s average power consumption is the display, which would also explain why Apple’s battery life estimates are only 9-10 hours despite the low power Core-M processor. With that said, we’ll have to see how well the MacBook’s display holds up to critical analysis in our labs, but in our brief hands-on time it looked as good as any other Apple Retina display.

Moving on, to get a Mac laptop so thin Apple has made some other design tradeoffs in other areas, which in turn will have some interesting ramifications. For the keyboard Apple has done away with the long-standing scissor switch mechanism in place of a new “butterfly” mechanism, as Apple has pushed for keystrokes so shallow that even the scissor doesn’t work well here. The butterfly mechanism in turn is an interesting change; the resulting keystrokes are extremely shallow – think of something akin to the iPhone/iPad home button – and perhaps a bit unsettling at first, meaning it takes a bit of time to adapt to touch typing this keyboard. On the other hand the butterfly mechanism also does away with one of the scissor switch’s only real weakness, the mechanism’s trouble with off-center key presses, resulting in a key that responds the same no matter where you press it. Having used a number of different scissor keyboards over the years, and having struggled with a few of them not registering keystrokes, I think the potentially improved accuracy of the butterfly mechanism may be even more important than the space savings that Apple is really going for.

Meanwhile the keyboard’s compatriot, the touchpad, has also received its own upgrade here with the Force Touch trackpad. Similar to the keyboard, Apple’s first goal here is to save space, doing away with the switch mechanism in place of a combination of force sensors and an electromagnet “taptic engine” to simulate key presses. The result is shorter tap depth, but it also allows the MacBook to register multiple click types based on how deep the click was. This essentially manifests itself as two clicks – a shallow click and a deeper click – with Apple playing around with what to assign their new-found clicks to. Otherwise the trackpad can also be used as a variable force sensor, allowing for applications to respond based on how much force is being used.

Whereas the keyboard’s improvements were more obvious, the trackpad change is more significant and one that’s harder to judge in a short period of time, especially given the ability to adjust the pad’s resistance. It still feels like an Apple trackpad, clicks and all, but with the click varying with the force it’s going to take some practice to learn what the new clicks do in various applications, and to be able to reliably trigger the click that you want.

Side Discussion: USB Type-C

Last but certainly not least, the final design tradeoff of ports has certainly attracted quite a bit of attention, to the point that I got emails about this before I was even out of the Apple event. In scaling down from the MacBook Air, Apple has also scaled down the number of port on the MacBook. What you’ll find is a single data & power port in the form of a new USB Type-C port on the left side, and on the right side is a 3.5mm headphone jack. The Air was already light on ports, but there has never been a Mac like this before.

From a design perspective I’m sad to see the MagSafe power port go. I suspect there are first and second-order size issues at play here – Apple can’t get the MagSafe port small enough to use on the MacBook, and there’s only room for one port of any kind on each side of the laptop – so in its replacement we have an all-in-one port that does away with the magnetic safety feature in place of getting data and power down to a single port.

Depending on configuration specifics, Type-C ports and cables can accommodate upwards of 100W of power (5A @ 20V) along with over 20Gbps of data in various forms. And for the first time on a USB connection, they’re reversible, doing away with full-size Type-A’s infamous trinary nature, or Micro-AB’s need to figure out which side is the top or bottom. All of this comes with the ability for Type-C to be used with both hosts and devices, eventually allowing cables to be C at both ends, and allowing devices like the MacBook to be both a USB device when charging, and a USB host when other devices are plugged into it.

For Apple’s implementation of Type-C there are still a few unknowns, but there are a few common points that bear pointing out based on the email questions I have received. Using the Type-C connector does not require that a device support a specific version of USB; the connector is designed to supersede protocols, being all-around better than pretty much any other connector and purposely created to allow manufacturers to take advantage of it for its size and reversibility. Consequently we will be seeing devices with Type-C connectors and USB 2.0 connectivity (phones, tablets, etc), and even hosts won’t necessarily support USB’s fastest speeds. Put in other words, while 10Gbps USB requires Type-C, Type-C does not require 10Gbps USB.

In Apple’s case the company will be using Type-C to host 3 different functions: USB data, power, and DisplayPort video. Apple is driving the MacBook’s USB data capabilities straight off of the Core-M processor, which in turn only supports USB 3.1 Gen1 data (5Gbps Superspeed), which is otherwise equivalent to USB 3.0. To support Gen2 speeds (10Gbps Superspeed+), Apple would need to use a 3rd party USB controller at this time, which are still very new and would compromise the size of the logic board, along with potentially compromising battery life. For the moment at least I suspect 5Gbps will be enough for the MacBook, particularly if the similarly small internal SSD is unable to saturate that connection.

As for power, Apple will be supplying a new 29W Type-C power adapter with the MacBook. So far Apple has not published the full specifications for the adapter itself, but with Type-C allowing up to 5A of power, at this point Apple could be using either 12V or 20V, with the former being more likely. The use of a Type-C port and the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification means Apple is much more strongly bound to industry standards this time, pushing them away from their previously proprietary power chargers and interfaces.


USB Alternate Mode Pinout

Finally, through the use of USB alternate mode functionality, Apple is able to also supply DisplayPort over the Type-C connector. Through the alt mode capability, 1, 2, or 4 lanes of USB 3 data can be replaced with alternate protocols, in this case DisplayPort. The final resolution that can be passed though is implementation specific and isn’t available in Apple’s specifications – but based on Core-M’s capabilities I suspect that Apple has it setup to use 2 lanes, which would allow a maximum of 2560x1440 (WQHD). Meanwhile DisplayPort can also be actively converted to other formats, which is what allows Apple to offer HDMI and VGA through adapters.

The downside here is that Apple has only equipped the MacBook with a single Type-C port, a single port that in turn needs to be both the power changing port and the device/peripheral port. Based on the size of the MacBook and its taper, I suspect Apple would not be able to get more than 1 port on each side of the MacBook – it gets too thin if you go any farther forward – and in traditional Apple fashion they have picked a thinner device over additional features. The use of a breakout box/multiport adapter mitigates this some, allowing charging while also offering an HDMI port and USB Type-A port, but it’s an inelegant solution for sure.

With that said, after using the MacBook and talking with the Apple employees presenting it I’m increasingly convinced that this is intentional, and not as a means to sell accessories (as would be the most obvious answer). There is one other class of Apple device that has this same kind of single data/power port and a 3.5mm headphone jack, and that is iOS devices. Going back to what we said earlier about the MacBook design coming off as a fusion of the Mac and the iPad, the port selection on the device is another element that reflects this design. With the iPad Apple only needed those two ports to make the device usable, and it’s this paradigm they seem to be channeling on the MacBook as well.

Despite being a Mac, the use scenario Apple seems to be aiming for on the MacBook is very much the iPad use scenario. Which is to say that it’s a portable device designed to be carried around, used for a period of time, and then taken back to its storage location to charge, with virtually all data transfers being wireless (through the use of dual-stream 802.11ac). Just like the iPad then, the sole Type-C port exists first and foremost as the charging port, followed by a port for connecting the very occasional accessory. The traditional Ultrabook paradigm of power and peripherals is not what Apple is shooting for in this design. Whether this is the right move is another matter altogether – for the record I’d rather have another Type-C port – but it’s easy enough to see how Apple could set out to create a Mac they want treated like an iPad rather than a Mac.

First Thoughts

Ports aside, my overall first impression is one that’s positive, but cautiously so. This is by far the most portable Mac Apple has ever created, thinner and lighter than ever, making it very easy to carry around. And while I’m a bit concerned about overall performance from a 4.5W CPU, overall the hardware is looking solid, with Apple’s keyboard and trackpad changes being very interesting solutions to shaving off further thickness without greatly compromising usability. At this point then it’s the broader picture that remains unclear; with the MacBook Apple is treading new ground by pushing a new usage model, and I think it’s going to take some time to really figure out how well that model works, if the $1299+ price Apple wants to charge is right for that model, and if that model makes sense in a world where there is already the MacBook Air.

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  • Jeff Bellin - Friday, March 13, 2015 - link

    Just curious, but have you seen the two screen choices for the new Dell XPS 13? Most reviewers have rated them as the most beautiful, color rich, highly accurate, very bright (400 nits!) screens on any laptop (which would include the rMBP 13), and they offer the option of touch or non-touch, matte or glossy, FHD or QHD+ (much higher resolution than any Retina). When you say that the Macbook has "a lot more nice features" than the Dell, I wonder if you can name them. I do agree with you that the ability to charge your laptop in your car can be quite convenient and I hadn't even thought of that possibility given the USB charging port. Still, if you are not stuck on OSX or have a reason that you must have the ability to charge your laptop in your car and just can't deal with inverters, I think you'll find the Dell offers far more features and benefits for the money and has much more powerful hardware that delivers equivalent battery life.

    PS: I am not a Dell fan and have reasons for not considering the new XPS 13 for my next purchase, but it's far closer to being a candidate than the new Macbook.
  • solipsism - Friday, March 13, 2015 - link

    1) I thought they did a great job of detailing the new MacBook and features that are new to any notebook so I don't think I need to rehash it here when it's all stated in this article.

    2) A touch option on a notebook I guess appeals to some, but to me. I buy a keyboard and mouse because I don't want to touch the display. Besides, a desktop OS is not right for touching, and adding some UI elements to make it look that way isn't what I call solution.

    3) Matte v glossy? Please! I don't want the washed out look of matte.

    4) It's funny how I kept hearing that Apple's Retinas display were pointless up until other vendors finally them and then surpassed them and now I hear how Apple's Retina resolutions aren't good enough. '3438 ÷ 1/n = ' is good indicator of where most people can't discern any more pixels. What Apple is offering in their MacBook along with an IPS panel is great.

    5) Power inverters are pieces of shit. Getting one in right means having drill a hole though the firewall, hooking up to the main line, installing an additional battery for it to run off of, making sure that battery is deep cycle, adding an inline fuse, and making sure it's good enough that it won't have to be manually turned off and then back on because it clicks off from the main power surge. I just bought a new vehicle and was going to pay a professional to do it right because I can't be bothered. With the new MacBook I save all that trouble... assuming that's the only thing I need to have plugged in.

    6) On Amazon the Dell is $300 more than the MacBook for that display, weighs about 30% more than the MacBook, and gets worse battery life. If anything is a good buy based on specs to price it would seem the Asus ZenBook UX305 with a QHD display would be the way to go.
  • SirPerro - Friday, March 13, 2015 - link

    Dude. This is a complete ripoff compared with an xps 13, which is much much powerful overall, better screen, better screen ratio, better battery life, even touch screen if you want (I dont)

    This Macbook is just an insult to intelligence at this price
  • ayejay_nz - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    They should really include the USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter in the box.
  • Red Dawn - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    Not my opinion of the MacBook, just a funny Youtube vid circulating. Even Apply Fans should find this funny

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHZ8ek-6ccc#t=73
  • dragonsqrrl - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    "Apple can’t get the MagSafe port small enough to use on the MacBook, and there’s only room for one port of any kind on each side of the laptop"

    There has to be room for additional connectivity, the thickness is maintained for most of the left and right sides of the body. I would think at least an additional USB port on the right side, and perhaps a dedicated display out on the left. But I think the size of the motherboard is actually more of a problem in this regard than the dimensions of the body.

    Regular use of any sort of wired peripheral just isn't practical with this laptop. This has to be Apple's ultimate example of form over function thus far, and that's saying A LOT.
  • tuxRoller - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    Wow, force click.
    They've reinvented the right click!
  • kellydavid - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    Ryan,

    When you get some REAL hands-on time (in April), can you please trying running Windows 8(.1) or similar in VMWare Fusion or Parallels Desktop 10 on the new MacBook? I'd really like to know if the new MacBook (e.g. the 1.2Ghz CPU model) has enough CPU and GPU grunt to run Windows reasonably well. (Speaking as a Mac user who also needs to run Windows stuff sometimes). Thanks...
  • kellydavid - Thursday, March 12, 2015 - link

    ...sorry, I should have said "I'd really like to know if the new MacBook (e.g. the 1.2Ghz CPU model) has enough CPU and GPU grunt to run VIRTUALISED Windows reasonably well"...
  • orthorim - Friday, March 13, 2015 - link

    This laptop is just applied technology. It's physics, transformed into a piece of art thanks to Apple's manufacturing and design expertise.

    As there were:
    - USB type C allows them to get rid of all other ports. Other companies hold on to the other ports - they'd never think to do this - they will do what they've always done. If it wasn't for Apple we'd still have RS232 ports (remember those?). Not for any good reason, just because it's always been there, and there'll be two people who complain when it's gone.
    - Core M allows for a fanless and thin design so they did that
    - New battery tech to solve the problem of how to fill all the gaps that can be filled with battery.
    - Retina display because you can't go back it's so much better.
    - Unibody design and Apple magic sauce as well as the best designer in the world to make it look like that.

    The end goal is to have a computer appliance rather than a big complicated beast of a machine. It's also about optimizing away all those things people hardly ever use. In almost all laptops I had, I've never used any of the ports. Only exception: USB. And this has that.

    Sure it's more clumsy to have a USB-C type adapter to connect your DVI or HDMI monitor - but it's also something that only maybe 5% of users ever do. So it's worth the trade-off. For 95% of users not having a separate DVI port is an improvement. Apple of course has much more precise numbers that the ones I just made up...

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